LINACS

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All Study Arms

Showing 239 study arms with grade ≥3 adverse event data (treatment-related and RT-related). Click a column header to sort.

Note on patient counts: some articles reported only percentages rather than absolute numbers. Where this occurred, the number of patients — including those with grade ≥3 adverse events — was derived by applying the reported percentage to the total arm size, which may produce a non-integer value. These figures have been rounded to the nearest integer for display.

1st Author⇅	Year⇅	Study Type⇅	Title⇅	DOI⇅	clinical trial number⇅	number of patients⇅	median/mean age⇅	median follow-up [months]⇅	tumor type⇅	treatment setting⇅	drug group⇅	drug name⇅	if other, please specify⇅	number of SBRT courses⇅	intracranial / extracranial⇅	treated site⇅	If other treated site, please specify⇅	median/mean total RT dose [Gy]⇅	minimum total RT dose [Gy]⇅	maximum total RT dose [Gy]⇅	median/mean number of fractions⇅	minimum number of fractions⇅	maximum number of fractions⇅	median/mean dose per fraction [Gy]⇅	minimum dose per fraction [Gy]⇅	maximum dose per fraction [Gy]⇅	toxicity type⇅	patients with acute G>=3 toxicity⇅	patients with late G>=3 toxicity⇅	patients with G>=3 toxicity, timing unspecified⇅	G>=3 AEs⇅	patients with G>=3 AEs⇅	details on G>=3 toxicity⇅	details on G>=3 toxicity in RT field⇅
Deming et al.	2026	Prospective	Tumor matrix proteoglycan accumulation and processing alters T cell effector function and the response to immunotherapy in patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer	10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-2780	NCT02837263	15	64	49.2	Colorectal cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	40	60	5	5	5	Missing	8	12	RT-related	—	—	1	any G3-4: 1 AE	any G3-4: 1pt	any G3-4: biloma	any G3-4: biloma
Giordano et al.	2026	Prospective	A phase II study of atezolizumab in combination with stereotactic radiation for patients with triple-negative breast cancer and brain metastasis	10.1007/s10549-026-07932-6	NCT03483012	6	46	Missing	Breast cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab	—	19	intra-cranial	brain	—	20	20	20	1	1	1	20	20	20	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Hsu et al.	2026	Prospective	Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy With Continued First-Line PD-1 Inhibitor-based Therapy as a Resistance-Overcoming Strategy in Oligoprogressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Phase 2 Clinical Study	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.12.049	NCT06870942	35	55.89	24.4	HCC	oligometastatic	Multi-target TKI, Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sintilimab, Camrelizumab, Lenvatinib	—	74	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified	—	Missing	35	60	Missing	5	10	Missing	6	7	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 4 AEs	any G3: 3 pts	any G3: diarrhea, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, rash	unknown
Jia et al.	2026	Retrospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy plus lenvatinib and sintilimab with and without transarterial embolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a dual-center, propensity score-matched retrospective analysis	10.3389/fimmu.2026.1644027	—	64	57	63	HCC	primary	Multi-target TKI, Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sintilimab, Lenvatinib, Unknown drug	transarterial embolisation	64	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	35	56	Missing	5	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	32	any G3-4: 32 AEs	any G3-4: 32 pts	any G3-4: rash, constipation, malaise, hypertension, fever, WBC decreased, neutrophil decreased, lymphocyte decreased, platelet decreased, blood bilirubin decreased, ALT/AST increased	unknown
Jia et al.	2026	Retrospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy plus lenvatinib and sintilimab with and without transarterial embolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a dual-center, propensity score-matched retrospective analysis	10.3389/fimmu.2026.1644027	—	64	56	39	HCC	primary	Multi-target TKI, Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sintilimab, Lenvatinib	—	64	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	35	56	Missing	5	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	32	any G3-4: 32 AEs	any G3-4: 32 pts	any G3-4: rash, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, WBC decreased, lymphocyte decreased, platelet decreased, blood bilirubin decreased, ALT/AST increased	unknown
Kim et al.	2026	Retrospective	Outcomes of Concurrent Radiotherapy With Tarlatamab in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer From the DLL3 PanTUMOR Database	10.1016/j.cllc.2026.01.007	—	13	65	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	BiTE	Tarlatamab	—	35	both	brain, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified, other	mediastinum, abdominal wall	Missing	20	50	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	21	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Lee et al.	2026	Prospective	Lazertinib with stereotactic body radiotherapy in oligometastatic EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer	10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.106057	NCT05167851	33	Missing	23.1	Lung cancer	oligometastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Lazertinib	—	33	both	brain, lung, thoracic LN, other	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	5 and 3	3 and 1	15 and 5	7 and 8	3 and 5	10 and 20	Treatment-rel.	—	—	6	any G3-4: 7 AEs	any G3-4: 6 pts	any G3-4: paresthesia, lipase increased, amylase increased	unknown
Lee et al.	2026	Prospective	The combination of a cancer vaccine, pembrolizumab, and stereotactic body radiation in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a single-arm, phase II study	10.1038/s41467-026-69294-3	NCT02648282	54	64.2	19.6	pancreas	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	plus GM-CSF-secreting allogeneic pancreatic cancer vaccine	54	extra-cranial	other	pancreas	33	33	33	5	5	5	6.6	6.6	6.6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	6	any G3: 7 AEs	any G3: 7 pts	any G3: diabetic ketoacidosis, colitis, elevated liver enzymes, nephritis, pneumonitis, rash	unknown
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	116	62	18	Lung cancer, Colorectal cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Unknown drug	MEDI-4736	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	12	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	6	62	18	Lung cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Head and neck	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	0
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	69	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	4	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	32	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	G3 or higher: 2 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	31	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	G3 or higher: 2 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	14	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Extremities	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	37	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	5	Missing	G3 or higher: 5 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Head and neck	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	G3 or higher: 2 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	7	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab, Ramucirumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	6	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	19	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib, Cabozantinib, Nintedanib, Pazopanib, Sunitinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	6	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib, Nintedanib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	G3 or higher: 2 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib, Sunitinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Extremities	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	PARP inhibitor	Olaparib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	PARP inhibitor	Olaparib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	PARP inhibitor	Olaparib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	34	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor	Binimetinib, Dabrafenib, Encorafenib, Trametinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	8	Missing	G3 or higher: 8 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor	Dabrafenib, Trametinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor	Dabrafenib, Trametinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor	Cobimetinib, Vemurafenib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	CDK4/6 inhibitor	Palbociclib, Ribociclib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	CDK4/6 inhibitor	Palbociclib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	5	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	4	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	G3 or higher: 2 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	5	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Gefitinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Gefitinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	9	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Osimertinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	9	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Osimertinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	G3 or higher: 2 pts	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Osimertinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Osimertinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	ALK targeting TKI	Alectinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	ALK targeting TKI	Alectinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	ALK targeting TKI	Alectinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Extremities	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	ALK targeting TKI	Ceritinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	6	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Crizotinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Crizotinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	ADC	Trastuzumab Emtansine	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	7	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	anti-HER2 mAb	Trastuzumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	anti-HER2 mAb	Trastuzumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	anti-HER2 mAb	Trastuzumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	anti-HER2 mAb	Trastuzumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	3	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	anti-HER2 mAb	Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Lapatinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	mTOR	Everolimus	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	1	Missing	G3 or higher: 1 pt	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PDGFRα mAb	Olaratumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	2	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PDGFRα mAb	Olaratumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Head and neck	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	4	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PDGFRα mAb	Olaratumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PDGFRα mAb	Olaratumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Pelvis	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Looman et al.	2026	Prospective	Adverse Events After Metastases-Directed Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Biological Cancer Therapy	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53809	—	1	62	18	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Esophagus cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, Sarcoma, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Unknown drug	Imatinib	Missing	extra-cranial	other	Abdomen	—	—	—	Missing	1	10	—	—	—	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
O'Kane et al.	2026	Prospective	Pembrolizumab and stereotactic body radiotherapy combined in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma post sorafenib - A phase II trial (PEMRAD)	10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101658	NCT03316872	18	66.5	25.3	HCC	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	34	extra-cranial	liver	—	32.5	30	40	5	5	5	6.5	5.5	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	any G3: 3 AEs, any G5: 1 AE	any G3: 3 pts, any G5: 1 pt	any G3: AST elevation, rash, aplastic anemia, any G5: myocarditis	unknown
Schvartsman et al.	2026	Prospective	Pathologic Responses to Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Combination With Nivolumab for Early Stage NSCLC: A Phase 2 Study	10.1016/j.jtocrr.2025.100940	NCT04271384	25	66	12.1	Lung cancer	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	25	extra-cranial	lung	—	50	50	54	5	3	5	10	10	18	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 2 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: diarrhea	—
So et al.	2026	Prospective	Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy With Pembrolizumab in Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor-Refractory Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase 2 Trial	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.12.043	NCT03085719	18	59	Missing	Head and neck cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	27	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, other	head and neck	40	Missing	Missing	5	Missing	Missing	8	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	7	any G3: 5 AEs, any G4: 2 AEs	any G3: 5 pts, any G4: 2 pts	any G3: dysphagia, esophagitis, fatigue, neck pain, pain, any G4: laryngeal edema, tumor site bleeding	unknown
Yang et al.	2026	Retrospective	Safety and Efficacy of Combining Metastasis-Directed Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Versus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma	10.4143/crt.2025.966	—	72	59	13.2	HCC	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Cabozantinib, Lenvatinib, Regorafenib, Sorafenib	—	90	extra-cranial	lung, spine, bone, LN unspecified, other	Missing	20	20	40	Missing	Missing	Missing	18	12	20	Treatment-rel.	0	1	—	late G3: 1 AE	late G3: 1 pt	late G3: fracture spine	late G3: fracture spine
Zhou et al.	2026	Retrospective	Real-world outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy plus sintilimab and bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus	10.1093/oncolo/oyaf439	—	31	Missing	16.1	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab, Sintilimab	—	31	extra-cranial	liver	—	36	36	40	5	4	5	Missing	7.2	9	Treatment-rel.	—	—	8	Missing	G3 or higher: 8 pts	G3 or higher: diarrhea, hypertension, anorexia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, AST/ALT elevation, fever, hyperbilirubinemia	Missing
Agarwal et al.	2025	Prospective	A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant GVAX and Cyclophosphamide Combined with Nivolumab and SBRT Followed by Surgery in Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma	10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-3403	NCT03161379	18	62	19.5	pancreas	primary	Therapeutic Vaccines	Nivolumab, GVAX	—	18	extra-cranial	other	primary pancreatic cancer	33	33	33	5	5	5	6.6	6.6	6.6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 4 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: ALT increase and AST increase, neutrophil count decrease, white blood cell decrease, anorexia	any G3: neutrophil count decrease and WBC decrease, anorexia (thought to be related to SBRT, all in 1 pt)
Alati et al.	2025	Retrospective	Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Sacituzumab Govitecan Combined With Radiation Therapy: The French ATTENTION Study	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.11.060	—	25	55.8	7.9	Breast cancer	any	ADC	Sacituzumab Govitecan	—	Missing	both	Missing	—	25	13	42	3	1	5	8	5	21	RT-related	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: nausea	any G3: nausea
Chen et al.	2025	Prospective	Consolidative stereotactic radiotherapy for oligo-residual non-small cell lung cancer after first-line chemoimmunotherapy: A single-arm, phase 2 trial from China	10.1371/journal.pmed.1004680	NCT04767009	59	64	14.8	Lung cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Missing	—	Missing	both	brain, liver, bone	—	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	13	any G3: 24 AEs, any G4: 4 AEs	any G3: 11 pts, any G4: 2 pts	any G3: pneumonitis, anemia, platelet count decreased, neutrophil count decreased, fatigue, esophagitis, skin rash, diarrhea, AST increased, ALT increased, any G4: pneumonitis, platelet count decreased, neutrophil count decreased	unknown
Dawson et al.	2025	Prospective	Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Sorafenib Alone in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The NRG Oncology/RTOG 1112 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.	10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5403	NCT01730937	83	66	13.2	HCC	primary	Multi-target TKI	Sorafenib	—	83	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	20	50	Missing	2	5	Missing	6	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	39	any G3: 35 AEs, any G4: 3 AEs, any G5: 1 AE	any G3: 35 pts, any G4: 3 pts, any G5: 1 pt	any G3: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, duodenal perforation, duodenal ulcer, ascites, gastric/upper GI hemorrhage, lower GI hemorrhage, alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartatte aminotrasnferase increased, blood bilirubin increased, platelet count decreased, skin, hypertension, any G4: hepatic failure, hepatic hemorrhage, platelet count decreased, any G5: lung infection	—
Feng et al.	2025	Prospective	Safety and Efficacy of Radiotherapy Combined With Sintilimab in Advanced NSCLC Patients Who Progressed on First or Second Line Therapy: A Prospective, Multiple Center, and Single-Arm Study.	10.1111/1759-7714.70043	NCT04167657	14	67	40.1	Lung cancer	—	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sintilimab	—	—	extra-cranial	lung	6	30	—	—	5	—	—	6	—	—	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AE	any G3: 3 pt	any G3: immune-related myocarditis, thrombocytopenia, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis	—
Galsky et al.	2025	Prospective	Clinical and Translational Results from PORTER, a Multicohort Phase I Platform Trial of Combination Immunotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.	10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-3693	NCT03835533	15	73	26.3	Prostate cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, Cytokine Modulators	Nivolumab, CDX-301	CDX-301 was administered at 75 μg/kg s.c. once daily for5 days (days 1–5 of cycle 1). Poly-ICLC was administered at 1 mgintramuscularly on days 1, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 19 of cycle 1. Nivolumabwas administered at 480 mg i.v. every 4 weeks for up to 2 years.	Missing	extra-cranial	Missing	—	40	30	50	4	3	5	10	10	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	Missing	any G3 or G4: 2 pt	any G3 or G4: diarrhea	—
Ippolito et al.	2025	Prospective	Breast CancerTrastuzumab-deruxtecan and radiotherapy: a safety sub-analysis of combart prospective cohort study	10.1093/oncolo/oyaf229	Missing	22	Missing	11	Breast cancer	any	ADC	Trastuzumab Deruxtecan	—	52	both	brain, lung, bone, other	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	3	5	RT-related	0	1	—	late G3: 1 AE	late G3: 1 pt	late G3: radionecrosis	late G3: radionecrosis
Kassardjian et al.	2025	Retrospective	Outcomes and toxicity of concomitant radioimmunotherapy following PD-1 blockade for locally advanced and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma	10.3389/fonc.2025.1679699	—	4	79.5	15.4	other	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Cemiplimab, Pembrolizumab	—	4	extra-cranial	cutaneous	—	35	30	40	5	5	5	7	6	8	Treatment-rel.	0	0	—	—	—	—	—
Keane et al.	2025	Prospective	Phase 2 Trial of Consolidative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Oncogene-driven Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.10.022	NCT02314364	22	59	57.1	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib, Erlotinib, Osimertinib	—	22	extra-cranial	spine, lung	—	44	35	50	5	4	6	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Keane et al.	2025	Prospective	Phase 2 Trial of Consolidative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Oncogene-driven Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.10.022	NCT02314364	1	59	57.1	Lung cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Crizotinib	—	1	extra-cranial	spine, lung	—	44	35	50	5	4	6	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Keane et al.	2025	Prospective	Phase 2 Trial of Consolidative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Oncogene-driven Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.10.022	NCT02314364	4	59	57.1	Lung cancer	metastatic	ALK targeting TKI	Alectinib, Lorlatinib	—	4	extra-cranial	spine, lung	—	44	35	50	5	4	6	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Khatri et al.	2025	Retrospective	Sacituzumab govitecan and stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of HER2 negative breast cancer brain metastases: a multi-institutional report	10.1007/s11060-025-05230-7	—	26	24	23.4	Breast cancer	metastatic	ADC	Sacituzumab Govitecan	—	135	intra-cranial	brain	—	24	16	30	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	24	Radiation necrosis	—	0	—	—	—	—	—
Lebow et al.	2025	Retrospective	Local Therapy for Isolated Central Nervous System Progression Among Patients Receiving Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy.	10.1016/j.adro.2025.101714	—	13	57.3	29.5	Breast cancer	metastatic	ADC	Sacituzumab Govitecan, Trastuzumab Deruxtecan, Trastuzumab Emtansine	—	13	intra-cranial	brain	—	21	21	23	1	1	3	21	9	21	RT-related	—	—	3	any G4: 5 AEs, any G5: 1 AE	any G4: 2 pts, any G5: 1 pt	any G4: Radiation necrosis, gait instability, any G5: intracranial hemorrhage	any G3: headache, aphasia, any G4: Radiation necrosis, gait instability, any G5: intracranial hemorrhage
Levy et al.	2025	Prospective	Monocyte-lineage tumor infiltration predicts immunoradiotherapy response in advanced pretreated soft-tissue sarcoma: phase 2 trial results.	10.1038/s41392-025-02173-3	NCT02992912	55	54	45.1	Sarcoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab	—	72	extra-cranial	lung, bone, other	Missing	41	30	45	3	3	3	Missing	10	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: elevated CPK	—
Macchia et al.	2025	Retrospective	Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Oligoprogressive Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated During Poly(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase Inhibitor Maintenance: Efficacy and Adverse Events From the Epimetheo Retrospective Study.	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.09.010	—	74	52	18	other	oligometastatic	PARP inhibitor	Niraparib, Olaparib, Rucaparib	—	158	both	2016-01-15 00:00:00	abdomen, thorax, pelvis, neck, unspecified 'parenchyma'	40	25	55	5	1	10	8	5	16	Treatment-rel.	2	1	—	acute G3: 2 AEs, late G3: 1 AE	acute G3: 2 pts, late G3: 1 pt	acute G3: dysphagia, thrombocytopenia, late G3: skin toxicity	unknown
Mo et al.	2025	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with cadonilimab and lenvatinib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with Vp3 or Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombus: a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, phase II clinical trial	10.3389/fimmu.2025.1687344	NCT06040177	24	53	19.7	HCC	any	Multi-target TKI, Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Lenvatinib, Unknown drug	cadonilimab	24	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	30	40	5	5	5	Missing	6	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	10	any G3-4: 16 AEs	any G3-4: 10 pts	any G3-4: fatigue, rash, hypertension, leukopenia, neutropenia, AST/ALT elevation, colitis, dermatitis, hepatitis	unknown
Novak Filho et al.	2025	Retrospective	Radiosurgery for recurrent high-grade gliomas: a critical analysis based on a retrospective single-center series	10.1007/s10143-025-03907-1	—	23	51	13	brain	N/A	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	43	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	12	24	1	1	1	Missing	12	24	Radiation necrosis	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Sahebjam et al.	2025	Prospective	Phase 1 trial of hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation in combination with nivolumab, ipilimumab, and bevacizumab for recurrent high-grade gliomas.	10.1093/noajnl/vdaf033	NCT02829931	25	59	13.1	brain	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb, VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	25	intra-cranial	brain	—	30	30	30	5	5	5	6	6	6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	12	any G3-4: 25 AEs	any G3-4: 12 pts	any G3-4: Fatigue, hypertension, ALT increased, lipase increased, proteinuria, AST increased, serum amylase increased, colitis, confusion, acute kidney injury, dysphagia, erythema multiforme, hypokalemia, stroke	unknown
Seligmann et al.	2025	Prospective	Durvalumab and tremelimumab plus local partial tumour ablation (radiofrequency ablation or stereotactic radiotherapy) in patients with unresectable liver metastases from metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the EORTC-1560-GITCG multicentre, single-arm phase II study (ILOC)	10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105508	NCT03101475	9	58	17.1	Colorectal cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Durvalumab, Tremelimumab	—	11	extra-cranial	liver	—	30	30	30	3	3	3	10	10	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3-4: 3 AEs	any G3-4: 3 pts	any G3-4: Aspartate Aminotransferase increased, immune-related pneumonitis	any G3-4: aspartate aminotransferase increased
Tang et al.	2025	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy with sintilimab and bevacizumab biosimilar in anti-PD-1 refractory hepatocellular carcinoma: the ReUNION-1 phase 2 trial	10.1038/s41467-025-67528-4	ReUNION-1 study	21	55	9.1	HCC	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab, Sintilimab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, other	other than liver or lung, not described	40	25	40	5	5	5	8	5	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	7	any G3: 5 AEs, any G4: 2 AEs	—	any G3: increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase, decreased platelet count, decreased lymphocyte count, decreased white blood cell count, increased blood bilirubin, nausea, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, anaphylaxis, jaundice, ascites, any G4: gastrointestinal hemorrhage	unknown
Xiao et al.	2025	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy plus cadonilimab (PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody) as third-line or beyond therapy for refractory solid tumors: A phase 1b study	10.1002/cac2.70051	NCT05915481	63	58	9.1	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Kidney cancer, Sarcoma, other, HCC, brain, pancreas	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Unknown drug	cadonilimab	124	both	Missing	—	24	14	50	3	1	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 2 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: pain, esophagitis	unknown
Yuan et al.	2025	Retrospective	EGFR-TKIs with or without stereotactic body radiotherapy to primary lesion in the advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer	10.21037/jtd-2025-635	—	15	64	37.5	Lung cancer	primary, oligometastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib, Erlotinib, Ivosidenib, Icotinib	—	15	extra-cranial	lung	—	50	44	70	Missing	5	11	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Zhang et al.	2025	Prospective	A Randomized, Multicenter, Phase 2 Trial of Camrelizumab With or Without Metastasis-directed Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.10.019	NCT04830267	19	51	16.9	Head and neck cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Camrelizumab	—	N/A	extra-cranial	lung	liver, bones, lymph node	27	—	—	3	—	—	9	—	—	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AEs	any G3: 3 pts	any G3: anemia, blood bilirubin increased	—
Zheng et al.	2025	Prospective	Efficacy and safety of online adaptive magnetic resonance-guided fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (GASTO-1075): a single-arm, phase 2 trial.	10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103189	NCT04946019	27	58	22.3	Lung cancer	metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	30	30	30	5	5	5	6	6	6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Zhou et al.	2025	Prospective	Efficacy and safety of combining bevacizumab and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for extensive brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective phase II study (GASTO-1053)	10.1002/cac2.70078	—	100	59	35.8	Lung cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	30	40	Missing	5	10	Missing	4	6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Zhu et al.	2025	Retrospective	Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Augmented Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy Response in Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Osteosarcoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.11.042	—	18	15.5	33.9	Sarcoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab, Tislelizumab, Toripalimab, Penpulimab, Sintilimab, Camrelizumab, Unknown drug	envafolimab	Missing	both	brain, lung, 25, bone, other	—	Missing	24	60	5.5	3	10	7.75	5	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	Missing	—	any G3 or G4: pneumonitis, lymphocyte count decreased, bronchopleural fistula	Missing
Bassetti et al.	2024	Prospective	Combining Dual Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Ablative Radiation to All Sites of Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Toxicity and Efficacy Results of a Phase 1b Trial	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.040	—	17	68	12	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Durvalumab, Tremelimumab	—	46	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, thoracic LN, LN unspecified	—	—	30	50	5	Missing	Missing	6	6	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	7	Missing	any G3: 14 pt, any G4: 1 pt	any G3: ALT increased, AS increased, colitis, dyspnea, fatigue, GGT increased, hypoxia, lipase increased, maculopapular rash, pneumonitis, serum amylase increase, any G4: creatinine phosphokinase increased	Missing
Chang et al.	2024	Prospective	Phase I/II study of BMS-986156 with ipilimumab or nivolumab with or without stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in patients with advanced solid malignancies.	10.1136/jitc-2024-009975	—	10	65	32.3	other	metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb, anti-GITR mAb	Ipilimumab, Unknown drug	BMS-986156	10	extra-cranial	lung, liver	—	50	50	60	4	4	10	12.5	6	12.5	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 2 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: Aspartate aminotransferase increased, Alanine aminotransferase increased	—
Chang et al.	2024	Prospective	Phase I/II study of BMS-986156 with ipilimumab or nivolumab with or without stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in patients with advanced solid malignancies.	10.1136/jitc-2024-009975	—	20	60	32.3	other	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, anti-GITR mAb	Nivolumab, Unknown drug	BMS-986156	20	extra-cranial	lung, liver	—	50	50	70	4	4	10	12.5	6	12.5	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 2 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: Aspartate aminotransferase increased, Alanine aminotransferase increased	—
Chiang et al.	2024	Prospective	Complete Response to Locoregional Therapy Plus Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.	10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.4085	—	63	69	34.7	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Unknown drug	49 pts also received local TACE to liver prior to SBRT	Missing	extra-cranial	liver	—	35	27.5	45	5	5	5	Missing	5.5	9	Treatment-rel.	—	—	15	Missing	G3 or higher: 15 pt	Missing	—
Chiang et al.	2024	Retrospective	Survival Outcome Analysis of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy (SBRT-IO) versus SBRT-Alone in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma	10.1159/000533425	—	30	73	19	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	100	extra-cranial	liver	—	30	25	45	5	5	5	—	—	—	Treatment-rel.	—	—	10	G3 or G4: 7 AE	Missing	any G3 or G4: bilirubin elevated, AST/ALT elevated, fatigue, pruritis	—
Durante et al.	2024	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiotherapy for managing ovarian cancer oligoprogression under poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi)	10.1136/ijgc-2024-005361	—	46	58.5	25.9	other	oligometastatic	PARP inhibitor	Niraparib, Olaparib, Rucaparib, Missing	—	63	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, cervical lymph nodes, thoracic LN, abdominal LN, inguinal LN, pelvic LN	—	25	15	50	5	3	10	8	5	10	RT-related	0	0	0	—	—	—	—
Gandini et al.	2024	Prospective	Feasibility of stereotactic radiotherapy with pembrolizumab in patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite unstable metastatic colorectal cancer	10.1016/j.esmogo.2024.100069	Missing	11	66	Missing	Colorectal cancer	Missing	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	Missing	Missing	—	20	20	20	2	2	2	Missing	5	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AEs	any G3: 3 pts	any G3: bowel perforation in SABR field (could also be due to disease infiltration in intestinal wall and tumor shrinkage after RT), neuropathic pain after SABR on right biceps metastasis, pneumonia after lung SABR	any G3: bowel perforation in SABR field (could also be due to disease infiltration in intestinal wall and tumor shrinkage after RT), neuropathic pain after SABR on right biceps metastasis, pneumonia after lung SABR
Goldsmith et al.	2024	Retrospective	Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Concurrent Targeted Therapy for Lung Metastases in Pediatric Sarcoma	10.1016/j.adro.2024.101517	—	4	15	12.7	Sarcoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib, Regorafenib	—	14	extra-cranial	lung	—	Missing	30	60	5	5	5	Missing	6	12	RT-related	0	0	—	—	—	—	—
Guan et al.	2024	Prospective	A Phase 2 Study of In Situ Oncolytic Virus Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Followed by Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.08.044	NCT03004183	28	67	9.5	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, Gene Therapy	Pembrolizumab, Unknown drug	ADV/HSV-tk, Valacyclovir	Missing	extra-cranial	Missing	—	30	30	30	5	5	5	6	6	6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	6	any G3 or G4: 16 AE	any G3 or G4: 6 pt	any G3 or G4: colitis, diarrhea, ALP elevation, decreased appetite, anemia, pneumonitis, T1DM, pneumonia, shingles, sepsis, rash, others	—
La Vecchia et al.	2024	Retrospective	The Role of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) in Oligoprogressive Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Treated with ICIs-TKIs: A Retrospective Multicentric Study.	10.3390/jpm14101030	—	34	61	24	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Multi-target TKI, Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Axitinib, Cabozantinib, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	56	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified	—	30	30	50	5	5	5	6	6	10	RT-related	—	—	0	0	0	—	—
Levy et al.	2024	Prospective	An international phase II trial and immune profiling of SBRT and atezolizumab in advanced pretreated colorectal cancer	10.1186/s12943-024-01970-8	NCT02992912.	54	59	8.3	Colorectal cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	liver, lung	peritoneal cavity and other sites (not specified)	45	21	45	3	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	0	—	—	0	0	—	—
Li et al.	2024	Prospective	Neoadjuvant tislelizumab plus stereotactic body radiotherapy and adjuvant tislelizumab in early-stage resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: the Notable-HCC phase 1b trial	10.1038/s41467-024-47420-3	NCT05185531	20	58.5	6.1	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Tislelizumab	—	20	extra-cranial	liver	—	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	8	any G3: 8 AE	any G3: 8 pt	any G3: Lymphocyte count decrease, platelet count decrease, white blood cell decrease, aspartate aminotransferase increase, neutrophil count decrease, alanine aminotransferase increase	—
Markussen et al.	2024	Prospective	Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab Combined with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in patients with Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer: A Randomized Phase 2 Study	10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-24-0286	NCT05184400	19	66	10.6	other	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	peritoneum, other sites not specified	15	15	15	1	1	1	15	15	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	unknown	any G>=3: 3 pts	TRAEs not described separately	unknown
Markussen et al.	2024	Prospective	Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab Combined with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in patients with Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer: A Randomized Phase 2 Study	10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-24-0286	NCT05184400	42	59	10.6	other	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	peritoneum, other sites not specified	15	15	15	1	1	1	15	15	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	13	unknown	any G>=3: 13 pts	TRAEs not described separately	unknown
Tang et al.	2024	Retrospective	Clinical outcomes of melanoma brain metastases treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab alone versus nivolumab and ipilimumab with stereotactic radiosurgery	10.1007/s11060-023-04543-9	—	24	65	24	Melanoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	84	intra-cranial	brain	—	24	15	27	Missing	1	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vošmik et al.	2024	Prospective	Stereotactic Radiotherapy Plus Nivolumab in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Results from Phase 1/2 Clinical CA209-9KH Trial.	10.1007/s40487-024-00309-z	NCT04098432	15	58	Missing	pancreas	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	15	extra-cranial	other	Pancreas	32	32	32	4	4	4	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 2 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: elevated liver enzyme levels, arthralgia	—
Wang et al.	2024	Retrospective	Outcomes of 2-SSRS plus bevacizumab therapy strategy for brainstem metastases (BSM) over 2 cm(3): a multi-center study	10.1007/s10143-024-02369-1	—	53	61	18.4	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, other	metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	63	intra-cranial	brain	—	23.5	Missing	Missing	2	2	2	Missing	10	13	Treatment-rel.	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Zhang et al.	2024	Retrospective	Bevacizumab reduces cerebral radiation necrosis due to stereotactic radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399613	—	28	65.5	60.6	Lung cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18	30	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	24	Treatment-rel.	3	0	—	acute G3: 3 AEs	acute G3: 3 pts	acute G3: Leukopenia, neutropenia	—
Zhou et al.	2024	Prospective	Safety and efficacy of consolidative stereotactic radiotherapy for oligo-residual EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer after first-line third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a single-arm, phase 2 trial.	10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102853	NCT04764214	61	59	21.1	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Osimertinib, Unknown drug	almonertinib	Missing	both	brain, lung, spine, bone, cervical lymph nodes, thoracic LN, other	others not specified	Missing	27	50	Missing	3	5	Missing	9	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	G3: 4 AEs	G3: 4 pts	G3: pneumonitis, esophagitis, leukopenia, radiation cranial necrosis	—
Bodensohn et al.	2023	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiosurgery and combined immune checkpoint therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with melanoma brain metastases: A retrospective monocentric toxicity analysis	10.1016/j.ctro.2022.100573	—	18	52	33.2	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18	20	1	1	1	Missing	18	20	RT-related	—	—	3	any G3: 11 AE	any G3: 5 pt	any G3: neurological toxicities, radiation necrosis, space-occupying hemorrhage	—
Chang et al.	2023	Prospective	Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy with or without immunotherapy for early-stage or isolated lung parenchymal recurrent node-negative non-small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial	10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01384-3	—	66	72	33	Lung cancer	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	Missing	50	70	Missing	4	10	Missing	12.5	7	Treatment-rel.	—	—	10	Missing	any G3: 10 pt	Missing	—
Chen et al.	2023	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with sintilimab in patients with recurrent or oligometastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase II clinical trial	10.3748/wjg.v29.i24.3871	NCT0385781	25	64	21.9	HCC	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sintilimab	—	32	Missing	Missing	—	54	48	60	6	6	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AEs	any G3: 3 pts	any G3: increased gGT, decreased platelet count, myositis	unknown
Chiang et al.	2023	Prospective	Sequential transarterial chemoembolisation and stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy as conversion therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (START-FIT): a single-arm, phase 2 trial	10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00339-9	—	33	68	17.2	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Avelumab	also TACE	33	extra-cranial	liver	—	30	30	35	5	5	5	—	—	—	Treatment-rel.	—	—	11	G3: 24 AE, G4: 9 AE	G3: 3 pt, G4: 8 pt	any G3: ascites, weight gained, dizziness, hoarseness, maculopapular rash, urticarial rash, pruritis, dry skin, nausea, alanine aminotransferase increased, Aspartate aminotransferase increased, Gamma-glutamyl transferase increased, bilirubin increased, Alkaline phosphatase increased, hepatitis, dermatitis, any G4: weight gained, dizziness, hoarseness, Alanine aminotransferase increased, Aspartate aminotransferase increased, Hyponatraemia	—
Franzese et al.	2023	Retrospective	The impact of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy on oligoprogressive metastases from renal cell carcinoma	10.1007/s00432-022-04352-z	—	11	63.4	19	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	74	both	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	pancreas	40	16	60	Missing	1	6	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	—	0	0	—	—
Franzese et al.	2023	Retrospective	The impact of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy on oligoprogressive metastases from renal cell carcinoma	10.1007/s00432-022-04352-z	—	40	63.4	19	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib, Sunitinib	—	74	both	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	pancreas	40	16	60	Missing	1	6	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	—	0	0	—	—
Horndalsveen et al.	2023	Prospective	Atezolizumab and stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: safety, clinical activity and ctDNA responses-the ComIT-1 trial	10.1002/1878-0261.13330	NCT03644823	21	61.7	26.5	Lung cancer	—	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab	—	—	extra-cranial	lung	adrenal gland, liver, brain,	18	—	—	3	—	—	6	—	—	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AE	any G3: 3 pt	any G3: colitis, pneumonitis, skin toxicity	—
Hu et al.	2023	Prospective	Efficacy and Safety of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Combined with Camrelizumab and Apatinib in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus	10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-2592	chiCTR1900027102	40	53	8.4	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, VEGFR targeting TKI	Camrelizumab, Apatinib	—	40	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	36	40	Missing	5	6	Missing	6	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	10	any G3-4: 38 AEs, any G5: 1 AE	any G3-4: 9 pts, any G5: 1pt	any G3-4: hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, leukopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia, ALT increased, AST increased, proteinuria, neutropenia, decreased appetite, nausea, anemia, vomiting, rash, hypokalemia, myocarditis, any G5: myocarditis	unknown
Ji et al.	2023	Retrospective	Lenvatinib with or without stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a retrospective study	10.1186/s13014-023-02270-z	—	37	Missing	39.6	HCC	primary	Multi-target TKI	Lenvatinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	45	55	Missing	5	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	7	any G3: 7AEs	any G3: unknown pts	any G3: Hypertension, Nausea/vomiting, Anorexia, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, AST/ALT elevation	unknown
Juloori et al.	2023	Prospective	Phase 1 Randomized Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Followed by Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone in Advanced/Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.052	NCT03203304	7	63	42.7	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	7	extra-cranial	liver	—	40	40	40	5	5	5	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	5	any G3: 5 AE	any G3: 5 pt	any G3: AST/ALT increased, lipase increased, thrombocytopenia	—
Juloori et al.	2023	Prospective	Phase 1 Randomized Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Followed by Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone in Advanced/Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.052	NCT03203304	6	69	42.7	HCC	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	6	extra-cranial	liver	—	40	40	40	5	5	5	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 4 AE	any G3: 3 pt	any G3: AST/ALT increased, hyponatremia, fatigue, generalized muscle weakness	—
Kievit et al.	2023	Prospective	Safety and tolerability of stereotactic radiotherapy combined with durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, the phase I SICI trial	10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.004	—	12	68.5	10	Lung cancer	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Durvalumab, Tremelimumab	—	12	extra-cranial	lung	—	20	20	20	1	1	1	20	20	20	Treatment-rel.	2	—	—	any G3: 3 AE	any G3: 2 pt	any G3: colitis, rash	—
Kievit et al.	2023	Prospective	Safety and tolerability of stereotactic radiotherapy combined with durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, the phase I SICI trial	10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.004	—	3	60	10	Lung cancer	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Durvalumab	—	3	extra-cranial	lung	—	20	20	20	1	1	1	20	20	20	Treatment-rel.	0	—	—	0	0	—	—
Loo Gan et al.	2023	Retrospective	Real-world Practice Patterns and Safety of Concurrent Radiotherapy and Cabozantinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium	10.1016/j.euo.2022.10.004	—	50	Missing	15.6	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Cabozantinib	—	Missing	both	brain, lung, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified, other	soft tissue, other sites not specified	27.25	8	50	5	1	13	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 2 AEs, any G4: 1 AE	any G3: 2 pts, any G4: 1 pt	any G3: vasogenic edema, colitis, any G4: pneumonitis	unknown
Mahase et al.	2023	Retrospective	Concurrent immunotherapy and re-irradiation utilizing stereotactic body radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas	10.1002/cnr2.1788	—	10	48.5	8.6	brain	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	10	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18	35	Missing	1	5	Missing	6	18	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Peng et al.	2023	Prospective	EGFR-TKIs plus stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage IV Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled phase II study	10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109681	NCT03595644	30	55	29, 4	Lung cancer	oligometastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Icotinib, Unknown drug	—	Missing	both	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, other	mediastinum	Missing	30	50	5	5	5	Missing	6	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Pouessel et al.	2023	Prospective	Hypofractionated Stereotactic Re-irradiation and	10.1093/oncolo/oyad095	NCT02866747	6	65	12	brain	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Durvalumab	—	6	intra-cranial	brain	—	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 6 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar syndrome, intracranial hypertension, fatigue, lung tuberculosis, aseptic lymphocytic meningitis	unknown
Rimner et al.	2023	Prospective	A Phase 1 Safety Study of Avelumab Plus Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma	10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100440	NCT03399552	13	71	8.9	other	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Avelumab	—	13	both	Missing	—	30	24	35	3	3	5	10	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 4 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: Infusion-related allergic reaction, chest wall pain, myalgia, anorexia	any G3: Chest wall pain
Spaas et al.	2023	Prospective	Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors: The CHEERS Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial	10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2132	NCT03511391	45	67	12.5	Lung cancer, Head and neck cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	72	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	other unspecified	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	8	—	—	acute G3-4: unknown	acute G3-4: 18% of pts	acute G3: anorexia, dyspnea, diarrhea, rash, dysphagia, pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, acute kidney injury, hiccups, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute G4: colitis	acute G3: pneumonitis
Wang et al.	2023	Retrospective	Efficacy and safety of a "sandwich therapy" based on staged stereotactic radiosurgery and bevacizumab for large brainstem metastases	10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107911	—	42	66.5	Missing	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	25	Missing	Missing	2	2	2	Missing	11	15	RT-related	—	2	—	acute G2-3: 8 AEs, late G3: 1 AE, late G5: 1 AE	acute G2-3: 6 pts, late G3: 1 pt, late G5: 1 pt	acute G2-3: nausea, headache, ataxia deterioration, late G3: Cerebral radiation necrosis, late G5: Cerebral radiation necrosis	—
Wu et al.	2023	Prospective	Safety and Efficacy Results From iSABR, a Phase 1 Study of Stereotactic ABlative Radiotherapy in Combination With Durvalumab for Early-Stage Medically Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.03.069	NCT03148327	18	79	36	Lung cancer	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Durvalumab	—	18	extra-cranial	lung	—	54	50	65	3	3	10	18	6.5	18	Treatment-rel.	2	5	—	acute G3: 3 AEs, late G3: 7 AEs, late G4: 1 AE, late G5: 1 AE	acute G3: 2 pts, late G3: 3 pts, late G4: 1 pt, late G5: 1 pt	acute G3: pneumonitis, late G3: pneumonitis, sepsis, unstable angina, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, late G4: respiratory failure, late G5: death from respiratory failure	unknown
Zhou et al.	2023	Prospective	Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Radiation and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy + Sintilimab for Treatment-Naïve Stage IV PD-L1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients	10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-23-0315	NCT03812549	29	65	15.6	Lung cancer	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sintilimab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	30	30	30	3	3	3	10	10	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	6	any G3-4: 6 AEs	any G3-4: 6 pts	any G3-4: dermatitis, pneumonitis, hypertriglyceridemia, lipase increased, anaphylaxis, hypoadrenocorticism	unknown
Zhu et al.	2023	Retrospective	Effect of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy on Diverse Organ Lesions in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors	10.1007/s11596-023-2702-0	—	147	59	13	Lung cancer	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Tislelizumab, Toripalimab, Sintilimab, Camrelizumab	—	Missing	both	brain, lung, bone	—	Missing	10	60	Missing	1	10	Missing	8	12	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 2 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: pneumonitis	any G3: pneumonitis
Abdulhaleem et al.	2022	Retrospective	Local control outcomes for combination of stereotactic radiosurgery and immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases	10.1007/s11060-022-03951-7	—	80	63.7	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	18.6	Missing	Missing	1	1	1	18.6	Missing	Missing	RT-related	—	—	2	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing
Bestvina et al.	2022	Prospective	A Phase 1 Trial of Concurrent or Sequential Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Stage IV NSCLC Study	10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.019	NCT03223155	18	63.2	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone	—	Missing	30	50	Missing	3	5	Missing	10	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	10	any G3: 17 AE, any G4: 1 AE, any G5: 1 AE	any G3: 9 pt, any G4: 1 pt, any G5: 1 pt	any G3: adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, hypotension, hypothermia, rash maculo-papular, pneumonitis, arthralgia, esophageal stenosis, dermatitis, colitis, autoimmune hepatitis, headache, hypoxia, esophagitis, any G4: autoimmune hepatitis, any G5: pulmonary hemorrhage	—
Bestvina et al.	2022	Prospective	A Phase 1 Trial of Concurrent or Sequential Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Stage IV NSCLC Study	10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.019	NCT03223155	19	59	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone	—	Missing	30	50	Missing	3	5	Missing	10	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	9	any G3: 16 AE	any G3: 9 pt	any G3: confusion, hallucinations, rash, pneumonitis, hip fracture, alkaline phosphatase increased, colitis, seizure, radionecrosis, gastritis, alanine aminotransferase increased	—
Chen et al.	2022	Prospective	Randomized Phase II Study of Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Refractory Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (CheckPAC)	10.1200/jco.21.02511	—	41	63	4.1	pancreas	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	41	extra-cranial	lung, liver, abdominal LN, other	pancreas	15	15	15	1	1	1	15	15	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	10	Missing	G3 or G4: 10 pt	any G3 or G4: fatigue, diarrhea, arthralgia, myalgia, increased ALT, increased AST, increased ALP, Guillain-Barre syndrome	—
Chen et al.	2022	Prospective	Randomized Phase II Study of Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Refractory Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (CheckPAC)	10.1200/jco.21.02511	—	43	66	4.1	pancreas	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Nivolumab, Ipilimumab	—	43	extra-cranial	lung, liver, other	pancreas, abdominal wall	15	15	15	1	1	1	15	15	15	Treatment-rel.	—	—	13	Missing	G3 or G4: 13 pt	any G3 or G4: fatigue, anorexia, colitis, adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis, arthralgia, myalgia, joint or muscle stiffness, back pain, increased AST, sepsis, cardiac arrest	—
Chicas-Sett et al.	2022	Prospective	Combination of SABR With Anti-PD-1 in Oligoprogressive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Melanoma: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Observational Study	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.05.013	—	50	64	32.8	Lung cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	other sites not specified	Missing	24	35	Missing	3	5	Missing	7	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AE	any G3: 3 pt	any G3: nephritis, transaminase elevation	—
Guan et al.	2022	Retrospective	Safety and Efficacy of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy with Anlotinib Targeted Therapy for Glioblastoma at the First Recurrence: A Preliminary Report	10.3390/brainsci12040471	—	5	51	Missing	brain	primary	Multi-target TKI	Unknown drug	Anlotinib	5	intra-cranial	brain	—	25	25	25	5	5	5	5	5	5	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Huang et al.	2022	Retrospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy plus cetuximab for previously irradiated un-resectable head and neck cancer	10.1016/j.bj.2021.10.013	—	74	58	9	Head and neck cancer	metastatic	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	74	extra-cranial	cervical lymph nodes	primary head and neck tumor	40	40	50	5	5	5	8	8	10	RT-related	13	15	—	acute G3: 13 AEs, late G>=3: 15 AEs	acute G3: 13 pts, late G>=3: 15 pts	acute G3: mucositis, radiation dermatitis, late G>=3: dysphagia and/or laryngeal edema, osteonecrosis or soft tissue necrosis, carotid blowout.	acute G3: mucositis, radiation dermatitis, late G>=3: dysphagia and/or laryngeal edema, osteonecrosis or soft tissue necrosis, carotid blowout.
Ippolito et al.	2022	Retrospective	Stereotactic Radiation and Dual Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in the Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Single Institution Series	10.3390/cancers14020303	—	10	57	18, 3	Breast cancer	metastatic	anti-HER2 mAb	Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab	—	32	intra-cranial	brain	—	27	27	27	3	3	3	9	4	9	Radiation necrosis	0	0	—	—	—	—	—
Kim et al.	2022	Prospective	Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy for advanced Merkel cell carcinoma: a randomised, open label, phase 2 trial	10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01659-2	NCT03071406	25	73	14, 6	other	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Nivolumab	—	24	Missing	Missing	—	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	8	any G3: 12 AE, any G4: 2 AE	any G3: 6 pt, any G4: 2 pt	any G3: diarrhoea, rash/dermatitis, elevated pancreatic enzym, arthralgia, dysgeusia, anaemia, colitis, hypocalcaemia, systemic inflammatory syndrome, pancreatitis, any G4: elevated pancreatic enzymes	—
Kwan et al.	2022	Prospective	Avelumab Combined with Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: The Phase 2 ICE-PAC Clinical Trial	10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.011	ACTRN12618000954224	31	71	18	Prostate cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Avelumab	—	31	extra-cranial	bone	—	20	20	20	1	1	1	20	20	20	Treatment-rel.	—	—	5	Missing	any G3 or G4: 5 pt	any G3 or G4: Infusion related reaction, bone pain, maculopapular rash, hyperglycemia, pneumonitis	—
Lee et al.	2022	Prospective	A Pilot Study of Durvalumab (MEDI4736) with Tremelimumab in Combination with Image-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer	10.1089/thy.2022.0050	NCT03122496	12	71	14.5	other	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Durvalumab, Tremelimumab	—	12	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified	—	27	27	27	3	3	3	9	9	9	Treatment-rel.	—	—	—	Missing	any G3: 7 pt, any G4: 2 pt	any G3: anemia, dysphagia, dyspnea, lung infection, noncardiac chest pain, platelet count decrease, productive cough, thromboembolic event, tracheostomy site bleeding, any G4: respiratory failure	—
Lin et al.	2022	Retrospective	Stereotactic body radiotherapy extends the clinical benefit of PD-1 inhibitors in refractory recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma	10.1186/s13014-022-02073-8	—	7	46	56.7	Head and neck cancer	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	all visible or main or only progressive lesions	Missing	25	36	Missing	5	6	Missing	5	6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AE	any G3: 3 pt	any G3: nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting	—
Masini et al.	2022	Prospective	Nivolumab in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Pretreated Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Results of the Phase II NIVES Study	10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.016	NCT0346971	69	66	26	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	66	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, LN unspecified, other	bone, kidney	30	30	30	3	3	3	10	10	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	18	any G3-4: 16 AEs (Table 3)	any G3-4: 18 pts (Text)	any G3-4: rash, diarrhea, colitis, hyperamylsemia/hyperlipasemia, neurologic disorder, hematologic, fatigue	—
Mok et al.	2022	Retrospective	Local ablative radiotherapy on oligo-progression while continued on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: A longer cohort	10.1111/ajco.13707	—	55	62.7	13.3	Lung cancer	oligometastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Osimertinib	—	75	both	brain, lung, adrenal gland, bone, cervical lymph nodes	—	Missing	15	60	Missing	1	8	Missing	7.5	22	RT-related	—	—	1	any G3: 3 AEs	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: seizure, cerebral edema, radionecrosis	any G3: seizure, cerebral edema, radionecrosis
Sari et al.	2022	Retrospective	Results of concurrent radiotherapy and immunotherapy in recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer: A single-center experience	10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105658	—	15	55	—	Head and neck cancer	—	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	25	extra-cranial	cutaneous, cervical lymph nodes, axillary LN, other	Nasopharynx	24	—	—	3	—	—	8	—	—	RT-related	0	—	—	acute G3-4: none, late G3-4: unknown, late G5: 1 AE	late G3-4: unknown, late G5: 1 pt	late G5: skull base osteomyelitis	unknown
Shi et al.	2022	Prospective	Efficacy and Failure Patterns of Early SBRT to the Primary Tumor in Advanced EGFR-Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer with EFGR-TKI Treatment: A Prospective, Single Arm, Phase II Study	10.3390/life12121954	ChiCTR-OIN-17013920	41	66	24.42	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Gefitinib, Icotinib, Unknown drug	—	41	extra-cranial	lung	—	Missing	40	60	Missing	5	8	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Siva et al.	2022	Prospective	Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Short-course Pembrolizumab for Oligometastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma-The RAPPORT Trial	10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.006	NCT02855203	30	62	28	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	64	extra-cranial	lung, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	soft tissue	20	20	20	1	1	1	20	20	20	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	any G3: 5 AEs	any G3: 4 pts	any G3: pneumonitis, ALT increased, dyspnea, AP increased	—
Wang et al.	2022	Retrospective	Neoadjuvant Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Blockade Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Stage III(N2) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Series	10.3389/fonc.2022.779251	—	3	66	12	Lung cancer	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Toripalimab	—	3	extra-cranial	lung	—	50	50	50	5	5	5	10	10	10	Treatment-rel.	—	0	—	—	—	—	—
Zhang et al.	2022	Retrospective	A Combination of Sorafenib, an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, TACE and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy versus Sorafenib and TACE in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Accompanied by Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus	10.3390/cancers14153619	—	30	52	Missing	HCC	primary	Multi-target TKI, Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Sorafenib, Tislelizumab, Camrelizumab	also TACE	30	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	36	42	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	4	5	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3-4: 2 AEs	any G3-4: 2 pts	any G3-4: skin reactions	unknown
van 't Land et al.	2022	Prospective	Immunomodulatory Effects of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Vaccination with Heat-Killed Mycobacterium Obuense (IMM-101) in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer	10.3390/cancers14215299	NL7578	20	63	Missing	pancreas	primary	Therapeutic Vaccines	IM-101	—	20	extra-cranial	other	Pancreas	40	40	40	5	5	5	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	G3: 3 AEs	G3: 3 pts	G3: GI haemorrhage	—
Ahmed et al.	2021	Prospective	Nivolumab and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients With Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Nonrandomized, Open-Label Phase 1b Study	10.1016/j.adro.2021.100798	NCT03807765	12	58	9.6	Breast cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	17	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	12	25	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	24	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: cerebral edema	any G3: cerebral edema
Chen et al.	2021	Retrospective	Peri-radiosurgical administration of bevacizumab improves radiographic response to single and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for large brain metastasis	10.1007/s11060-021-03782-y	—	49	Missing	27.6	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	51.3	28	60	3	1	5	27	20	35	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	any G3: 4 AEs	any G3: 4 pts	any G3: hypertension	/
Cheung et al.	2021	Prospective	Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Oligoprogression in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy: A Phase 2 Prospective Multicenter Study	10.1016/j.eururo.2021.07.026	NCT02019576	37	62	11.8	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib, Sunitinib	—	57	both	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, spine, bone, LN unspecified, other	spleen, pancreas	Missing	27.5	49.5	Missing	2	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Franzese et al.	2021	Retrospective	The role of stereotactic body radiation therapy and its integration with systemic therapies in metastatic kidney cancer: a multicenter study on behalf of the AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) genitourinary study group	10.1007/s10585-021-10131-w	—	1	Missing	18.6	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	VEGFR targeting TKI	Tivozanib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	Renal bed, Pancreas	36	10	75	5	1	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	0	0	0	—	—
Franzese et al.	2021	Retrospective	The role of stereotactic body radiation therapy and its integration with systemic therapies in metastatic kidney cancer: a multicenter study on behalf of the AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) genitourinary study group	10.1007/s10585-021-10131-w	—	14	Missing	18.6	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	Renal bed, Pancreas	36	10	75	5	1	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	0	0	0	—	—
Franzese et al.	2021	Retrospective	The role of stereotactic body radiation therapy and its integration with systemic therapies in metastatic kidney cancer: a multicenter study on behalf of the AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) genitourinary study group	10.1007/s10585-021-10131-w	—	2	Missing	18.6	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	mTOR	Everolimus, Temsirolimus	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	Renal bed, Pancreas	36	10	75	5	1	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	0	0	0	—	—
Franzese et al.	2021	Retrospective	The role of stereotactic body radiation therapy and its integration with systemic therapies in metastatic kidney cancer: a multicenter study on behalf of the AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) genitourinary study group	10.1007/s10585-021-10131-w	—	59	Missing	18.6	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib, Cabozantinib, Pazopanib, Sunitinib, Tivozanib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, muscle, LN unspecified, other	Renal bed, Pancreas	36	10	75	5	1	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	0	0	0	—	—
Kroeze et al.	2021	Retrospective	Metastasis directed stereotactic radiotherapy in NSCLC patients progressing under targeted- or immunotherapy: efficacy and safety reporting from the 'TOaSTT' database	10.1186/s13014-020-01730-0	—	65	63	18.7	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-EGFR mAb, ALK targeting TKI	Missing	—	192	any	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified, other	Soft tissue (whole group)	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	2	2	—	acute G3: 2 AEs, late G3: 3 AEs, late G4: 1 AE	acute G3: 2 pt, late G3: 2 pts, late G4: 1 pt	acute G3: dyspnea, thromboembolic event, late G3: radionecrosis, nausea, weight loss, late G4: hemiparesis	—
Kroeze et al.	2021	Retrospective	Metastasis directed stereotactic radiotherapy in NSCLC patients progressing under targeted- or immunotherapy: efficacy and safety reporting from the 'TOaSTT' database	10.1186/s13014-020-01730-0	—	33	63	18.7	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Missing	—	192	any	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified, other	Soft tissue (whole group)	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	3	0	—	acute G3: 4 AEs, acute G4: 1 AE	acute G3: 3 pts, acute G4: 1 pt	acute G3: headache, gait disturbance, nausea, acute G4: headache	—
Kroeze et al.	2021	Retrospective	Metastasis directed stereotactic radiotherapy in NSCLC patients progressing under targeted- or immunotherapy: efficacy and safety reporting from the 'TOaSTT' database	10.1186/s13014-020-01730-0	—	9	63	18.7	Lung cancer	metastatic	VEGF mAb	Missing	—	192	any	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified, other	Soft tissue (whole group)	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	1	0	—	acute G3: 1 AE	acute G3: 1 pt	acute G3: headache	—
Kroeze et al.	2021	Retrospective	Metastasis directed stereotactic radiotherapy in NSCLC patients progressing under targeted- or immunotherapy: efficacy and safety reporting from the 'TOaSTT' database	10.1186/s13014-020-01730-0	—	1	63	18.7	Lung cancer	metastatic	PARP inhibitor	Missing	—	192	any	brain, lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified, other	Soft tissue (whole group)	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	0	0	—	—	—	—	—
Kroeze et al.	2021	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy or targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma	10.1111/bju.15284	—	17	61	12	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	128	any	brain, lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	soft tissue	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Kroeze et al.	2021	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy or targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma	10.1111/bju.15284	—	4	61	12	Kidney cancer	metastatic	mTOR	Everolimus, Temsirolimus	—	128	any	brain, lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	soft tissue	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	1	1	—	acute G3: 2 AE, late G3: 1 AE	acute G3: 1 pt, late G3: 1 pt	acute G3: headache, vertigo., late G3: dysphasia by radiation necrosis	—
Lee et al.	2021	Retrospective	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastasis : The Role of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery	10.3340/jkns.2020.0135	—	24	65	19, 7	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	19	12	25	1	1	1	19	12	25	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	0	0	—	—
Mattes et al.	2021	Prospective	A Prospective Trial Evaluating the Safety and Systemic Response From the Concurrent Use of Radiation Therapy with Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	10.1016/j.cllc.2021.01.012	NCT03035890	19	66	14	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, LN unspecified	—	Missing	24	36	Missing	3	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Minniti et al.	2021	Retrospective	Leptomeningeal disease and brain control after postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery with or without immunotherapy for resected brain metastases	10.1136/jitc-2021-003730	—	63	57	15	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18	27	Missing	1	3	Missing	9	22	Treatment-rel.	—	—	16	unknown	any G3: 16 pts	any G3: Headache, seizure, brain edema, fatigue, diarrhea, increased AST, rash, and others	unknown
Ni et al.	2021	Prospective	Sintilimab, stereotactic body radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as second-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: safety run-in results of a multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial	10.1186/s13014-021-01905-3	NCT04106180	20	61	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Unknown drug	sintilimab, GM-CSF	20	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, thoracic LN, abdominal LN, other	pleural nodule	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	2	—	—	acute G3: 3 AEs	acute G3: 2 pts	acute G3: ALT/AST elevation, heart failure	unknown
Sahebjam et al.	2021	Prospective	Hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation with pembrolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas: results from a phase I study	10.1093/neuonc/noaa260	NCT02313272	32	Missing	3.7	brain	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb, VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab, Pembrolizumab	—	32	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	30	40	5	5	5	Missing	6	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	12	any G3: 12 AEs	any G3: 12 pts	any G3: Hypertension, AST increased, thromboembolic event, confusion, pancreatitis, psychiatric disorders	—
Scoccianti et al.	2021	Retrospective	Immunotherapy in association with stereotactic radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: results from a multicentric retrospective study on behalf of AIRO	10.1093/neuonc/noab129	—	100	65	23	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	163	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	1	5	Missing	Missing	>18	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	any G3: 4 AEs	any G3: 4 pts	any G3: radionecrosis, hypothyroidism, increasing of bilirubin, bowel perforation	any G3: radionecrosis
Tang et al.	2021	Prospective	Radiation-induced lung damage in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy after EGFR-TKIs: is there any difference from stereotactic body radiotherapy alone?	10.21037/apm-20-1116	Missing	20	68	Missing	Lung cancer	primary	EGFR targeting TKI	Icotinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	50	50	60	5	5	8	10	7.5	10	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Wang et al.	2021	Retrospective	Efficacy and acquired resistance for EGFR-TKI plus thoracic SBRT in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer: a propensity-matched retrospective study	10.1186/s12885-021-08228-2	—	46	59.5	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Osimertinib, Icotinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	Missing	50	70	Missing	5	10	Missing	7	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	9	any G3: 9 AEs	any G3: 9 pts	any G3: rash, elevated aminotransferase, radiation pneumonitis	—
Wang et al.	2021	Retrospective	Thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy plus first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant polymetastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: A propensity-matched retrospective study	10.1097/md.0000000000027279	—	16	56	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Icotinib	—	Missing	extra-cranial	lung	—	Missing	50	70	Missing	5	10	Missing	7	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	5	any G3-4: 5 AEs	any G3-4: unknown pts	any G3-4:rash, elevated aminotransferase, radiation pneumonitis	—
Wu et al.	2021	Retrospective	Survival Benefits of Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Combination With Radiotherapy in Chinese Melanoma Patients With Brain Metastasis	10.3389/fonc.2021.646328	—	18	48	16	Melanoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Missing	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	0	—	—	—	—	—
Xie et al.	2021	Prospective	Correction: Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma	10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-20-4640	NCT02311361	24	Missing	Missing	pancreas	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Durvalumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	abdominal, thoracic	Missing	8	25	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	any G3-4: unknown	any G3-4: 4 pts	any G3-4: lymphocyte count decrased	—
Xie et al.	2021	Prospective	Correction: Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma	10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-20-4640	NCT02311361	35	60	Missing	pancreas	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Durvalumab, Tremelimumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other	abdominal, thoracic	Missing	8	25	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	14	any G3-4: unknown	any G3-4: 14 pts	any G3-4: lymphocyte count decreased, anemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea	—
Ye et al.	2021	Prospective	Nivolumab and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer: ABSCOPAL-1 Clinical Trial	10.3389/fonc.2021.657024	ChiCTR-1900027768	14	54	11	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	LN unspecified, lung	—	Missing	40	50	5	5	5	Missing	8	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Yuce Sari et al.	2021	Retrospective	Does Combined Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Change the Outcome of Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas?	10.7759/cureus.15852	—	8	52	12.6	brain	primary	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	8	intra-cranial	brain	—	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 4 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: pneumonitis, osteoporosis, radiation necrosis	unknown
Gebbia et al.	2020	Retrospective	Stereotactic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With Oligo-progressive Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor: Data From the Real World	10.21873/anticanres.14730	—	28	64	Missing	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib	—	Missing	both	brain, lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	kidney, skin	Missing	21	50	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	7	any G3-4: 7 AEs	any G3-4: unknown pts	any G3-4: Hypertension, diarrhea, anemia, liver, pneumonitis	unknown
Guan et al.	2020	Prospective	Hypofractionated Radiosurgery Plus Bevacizumab for Locally Recurrent Brain Metastasis with Previously High-Dose Irradiation	10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.233	Missing	24	58	13.5	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, other	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	9.5	29	Missing	2	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	1	—	—	acute G3: 2 AEs	acute G3: 1 pt	acute G3: fatigue and headache	acute G3: fatigue and headache
He et al.	2020	Retrospective	Survival Outcomes After Adding Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors	10.1097/coc.0000000000000622	—	56	55	21, 7	Kidney cancer	oligometastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib	—	—	both	brain, lung, adrenal gland, bone, abdominal LN, other	kidney	Missing	25	45	5	5	5	Missing	5	9	Treatment-rel.	—	—	4	any G3: 5 AEs	any G3: 4 pts	acute G3: anemia (60%), neuropathy, skin perforation	unknown
Arscott et al.	2019	Retrospective	Acute neurologic toxicity of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases in patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade	10.1093/nop/npy042	—	57	64	2	Lung cancer, Head and neck cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer	—	Anti-PD-(L)1 + Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	—	intra-cranial	brain	—	21	—	—	—	1	5	—	—	—	RT-related	3	—	—	Missing	acute G3: 2 pt, acute G5: 1 pt	acute G3: nausea/vomiting, acute G5: seizure	Missing
Chiang et al.	2019	Retrospective	Combined Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Checkpoint Inhibition in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Potential Synergistic Treatment Strategy	10.3389/fonc.2019.01157	—	5	78	14.9	HCC	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	also TACE	5	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	27.5	35	5	5	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	G3 or higher: 2 AE	G3 or higher: 1 pt	G3 or higher: pneumonitis, skin reaction	—
Dengina et al.	2019	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiation therapy in combination with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a prospective multicentre study	10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000535	NCT02864615	7	54.5	8	Kidney cancer	any	Multi-target TKI	Sorafenib, Sunitinib	—	7	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	kidney	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	0	0	—	—
Dengina et al.	2019	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiation therapy in combination with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a prospective multicentre study	10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000535	NCT02864615	5	54.5	8	Kidney cancer	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	5	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	kidney	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	0	0	—	—
Dengina et al.	2019	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiation therapy in combination with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a prospective multicentre study	10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000535	NCT02864615	4	54.5	8	Kidney cancer	any	mTOR	Everolimus, Temsirolimus	—	4	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	kidney	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	0	0	—	—
Dengina et al.	2019	Prospective	Stereotactic body radiation therapy in combination with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a prospective multicentre study	10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000535	NCT02864615	1	54.5	8	Kidney cancer	any	Multi-target TKI, mTOR	Everolimus, Lenvatinib	—	1	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	kidney	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	0	0	—	—
Minniti et al.	2019	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiosurgery combined with nivolumab or Ipilimumab for patients with melanoma brain metastases: evaluation of brain control and toxicity	10.1186/s40425-019-0588-y	—	35	56	15	Melanoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18	27	Missing	1	3	Missing	9	22	Treatment-rel.	—	—	6	any G3: 14 AEs	any G3: 6 pts	any G3: Diarrhoea, Nausea/Vomiting, Increased AST and/or ALT levels, Fatigue, Rash/Pruritus, Muscle weakness, Headache, Hemorrhage, Seizure, Brain necrosis	unknown
Minniti et al.	2019	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiosurgery combined with nivolumab or Ipilimumab for patients with melanoma brain metastases: evaluation of brain control and toxicity	10.1186/s40425-019-0588-y	—	45	54	15	Melanoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18	27	Missing	1	3	Missing	9	22	Treatment-rel.	—	—	11	any G3: 21 AEs	any G3: 11 pts	any G3: Diarrhoea, Nausea/Vomiting, Increased AST and/or ALT levels, Fatigue, Rash/Pruritus, Muscle weakness, Headache, Hemorrhage, Seizure, Brain necrosis	unknown
Miyamoto et al.	2019	Prospective	Nivolumab and stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of patients with Stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer	10.1093/jjco/hyy171	unknown	6	Missing	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	6	extra-cranial	lung	—	Missing	25.5	48	Missing	3	4	Missing	8.5	12	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: Pneumonitis	unknown
Song et al.	2019	Prospective	Phase I trial of alisertib with concurrent fractionated stereotactic re-irradiation for recurrent high grade gliomas	10.1016/j.radonc.2018.12.019	—	17	61	11	brain	primary	Aurora A kinase inhibitor	Unknown drug	Alisertib	17	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	30	35	10	10	10	Missing	3	3.5	Radiation necrosis	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: radionecrosis	any G3: radionecrosis
Stumpf et al.	2019	Retrospective	Combination of Trastuzumab Emtansine and Stereotactic Radiosurgery Results in High Rates of Clinically Significant Radionecrosis and Dysregulation of Aquaporin-4	10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-18-2851	—	16	45	—	Breast cancer	metastatic	ADC	Trastuzumab Emtansine	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Radiation necrosis	—	—	6	—	—	clinically significant radiation necrosis was defined as neurologic symptoms warranting hospital admission and treatment.	clinically significant radiation necrosis was defined as neurologic symptoms warranting hospital admission and treatment.
Sundahl et al.	2019	Prospective	Phase 2 Trial of Nivolumab Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Inoperable Melanoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.03.041	NCT02821182	20	60.5	13.1	Melanoma	any	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab	—	20	extra-cranial	Missing	—	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	3	any G3: 3 AEs	any G3: 3 pts	any G3: bullous pemphigoid, gastroenteritis, lymphopenia	any G3: bullous pemphigoid
Sundahl et al.	2019	Prospective	Randomized Phase 1 Trial of Pembrolizumab with Sequential Versus Concomitant Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma	10.1016/j.eururo.2019.01.009	NCT02826564	18	68	9	Bladder cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	18	extra-cranial	lung, axillary LN, abdominal LN, inguinal LN, other	local relapse at iliac veins, soft tissue lesion	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: lymphopenia	—
Diao et al.	2018	Retrospective	Stereotactic radiosurgery and ipilimumab for patients with melanoma brain metastases: clinical outcomes and toxicity	10.1007/s11060-018-2880-y	—	23	62	7.4	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	20	12	22	1	1	1	20	12	22	RT-related	1	2	—	Missing	acute G3: 1 pt, late G3: 1 pt, late G4: 1pt	Missing	—
Hubbeling et al.	2018	Retrospective	Safety of Combined PD-1 Pathway Inhibition and Intracranial Radiation Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	10.1016/j.jtho.2018.01.012	—	35	61	16	Lung cancer	oligometastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Nivolumab, Atezolizumab, Pembrolizumab	—	99	intra-cranial	Missing	—	18	10	22	1	1	5	18	4	20	RT-related	—	—	9	Missing	any G3 or G4: 9 pt	any G3 or G4: headache, radiation necrosis, dizziness, ataxia	—
Luke et al.	2018	Prospective	Safety and Clinical Activity of Pembrolizumab and Multisite Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors	10.1200/jco.2017.76.2229	—	73	62	5.5	Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, other	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	151	extra-cranial	lung, liver, spine, bone, cervical lymph nodes, other	mediastinum/thoracic, abdominal/pelvic	Missing	30	50	Missing	3	5	Missing	10	15	Treatment-rel.	7	—	7	any G3: 6 AE	any G3: 6 pt	any G3: pneumonitis, colitis, hepatic toxicity	—
Nardin et al.	2018	Retrospective	Tolerance and outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery combined with anti-programmed cell death-1 (pembrolizumab) for melanoma brain metastases	10.1097/cmr.0000000000000413	—	11	58	8.4	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Pembrolizumab	—	30	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	12	35	Missing	1	5	Missing	6	24	RT-related	—	1	—	late G3: 1 AE	late G3: 1 pt	late G3: Radiation necrosis	late G3: Radiation necrosis
Rodríguez-Ruiz et al.	2018	Prospective	Combined immunotherapy encompassing intratumoral poly-ICLC, dendritic-cell vaccination and radiotherapy in advanced cancer patients	10.1093/annonc/mdy089	—	6	54	Missing	Prostate cancer, Head and neck cancer, other	any	Therapeutic Vaccines	dendritic cell vaccine	dendritic cell vaccines, and hiltonol intratumoral injection	6	extra-cranial	lung, liver, LN unspecified, other	peritoneum node, also other sites irradiated but not specified (only specified sites are those that received Hiltonol and SBRT)	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Schapira et al.	2018	Retrospective	Improved Overall Survival and Locoregional Disease Control With Concurrent PD-1 Pathway Inhibitors and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.02.175	—	8	63	14.3	Lung cancer	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Atezolizumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	—	21	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	15	25	Missing	1	5	Missing	5	18	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Sundahl et al.	2018	Prospective	Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial of Ipilimumab and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.11.029	NCT02406183	5	63	Missing	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab	—	5	extra-cranial	abdominal LN, liver, other	subcutaneous lesions	24	24	24	3	3	3	8	8	8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: diarrhea	—
Sundahl et al.	2018	Prospective	Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial of Ipilimumab and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.11.029	NCT02406183	1	23	Missing	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab	—	1	extra-cranial	abdominal LN	—	30	30	30	3	3	3	10	10	10	Treatment-rel.	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Sundahl et al.	2018	Prospective	Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial of Ipilimumab and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.11.029	NCT02406183	6	70	Missing	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab	—	6	extra-cranial	thoracic LN, lung, other	soft tissue, subcutaneous lesion	36	36	36	3	3	3	12	12	12	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G4: 2 AEs	any G4: 2 pts	any G4: colitis	—
Trommer-Nestler et al.	2018	Retrospective	Robotic Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Melanoma Patients with Brain Metastases under Simultaneous Anti-PD-1 Treatment	10.3390/ijms19092653	—	13	52	Missing	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Missing	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	18 Gy @65%	20 Gy @65%	1	1	1	Missing	18 Gy @65%	20 Gy @65%	Treatment-rel.	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Yomo et al.	2018	Retrospective	Impacts of EGFR-mutation status and EGFR-TKI on the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 133 consecutive patients	10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.03.013	—	43	69	33.4	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib	—	43	intra-cranial	brain	—	21	12	22	1	1	1	21	12	22	RT-related	0	3	—	late G3: 3 AEs	late G3: 3 pts	late G3: cerebellar ataxia, general convulsion	—
Ahmed et al.	2017	Retrospective	Outcomes targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in conjunction with stereotactic radiation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases	10.1007/s11060-017-2437-5	—	17	60	8.7	Lung cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Durvalumab, Nivolumab	—	49	intra-cranial	brain	—	24	18	25	1	1	5	24	5	24	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Clarke et al.	2017	Prospective	Multicenter, Phase 1, Dose Escalation Study of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy With Bevacizumab for Recurrent Glioblastoma and Anaplastic Astrocytoma	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2466	NCT01392209	12	63	—	brain	any	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	12	intra-cranial	brain	—	30	27	33	3	3	3	10	9	11	RT-related	—	—	1	any G3: 1 AE	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: fatigue and cognitive deterioration	any G3: fatigue and cognitive deterioration
De Wolf et al.	2017	Prospective	Combined high dose radiation and pazopanib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a phase I dose escalation trial	10.1186/s13014-017-0893-x	NCT02334709	13	66	Missing	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Pazopanib	—	13	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	soft tissue, pancreas	30	24	36	3	3	3	10	8	12	Treatment-rel.	—	—	5	any G3-4: 6 AEs	any G3-4: 5 pts	any G3-4: hypoglycemie, increased ALT and increased AST, hypertension	/
Goody et al.	2017	Prospective	Phase I trial of radiation therapy and sorafenib in unresectable liver metastases	10.1016/j.radonc.2017.01.018	NCT00892424	18	62	Missing	Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Melanoma, other	primary, metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Sorafenib	—	18	extra-cranial	liver	—	Missing	30	60	6	6	6	Missing	5	10	Treatment-rel.	10	—	—	acute G3: 8, acute G4: 1	acute G3: unknown pts, acute G4: 1 pt	acute G3: generalized skin toxicity, hand foot syndrome, musculoskeletal, abdominal pain, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, acute G4: abdominal pain	acute G3: abdominal pain
Guinde et al.	2017	Retrospective	Bevacizumab Plus Radiosurgery for Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: Safe Combination?	10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.185	—	6	58, 5	7, 8	Lung cancer	metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	40	intra-cranial	brain	—	20, 1	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Skrepnik et al.	2017	Retrospective	Improved time to disease progression in the brain in patients with melanoma brain metastases treated with concurrent delivery of radiosurgery and ipilimumab	10.1080/2162402x.2017.1283461	—	25	68.5	22.7	Melanoma	metastatic	Anti-CTLA-4 mAb	Ipilimumab	—	58	intra-cranial	brain	—	21	16	24	1	1	1	21	16	24	Radiation necrosis	—	0	—	—	—	—	—
Levy et al.	2016	Retrospective	Concurrent irradiation with the anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint blocker durvalumab: Single centre subset analysis from a phase 1/2 trial	10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.013	NCT01693562	10	Missing	Missing	Missing	metastatic	Anti-PD-(L)1 mAb	Durvalumab	—	3	intra-cranial	brain	—	84	78	92	2	1	3	Missing	Missing	Missing	RT-related	0	0	0	0	0	—	—
Miller et al.	2016	Retrospective	Spine stereotactic radiosurgery with concurrent tyrosine kinase inhibitors for metastatic renal cell carcinoma	10.3171/2016.4.Spine16229	—	25	57	15	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib	—	25	extra-cranial	spine	—	16	10	16	1	1	1	Missing	10	16	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Miller et al.	2016	Retrospective	Spine stereotactic radiosurgery with concurrent tyrosine kinase inhibitors for metastatic renal cell carcinoma	10.3171/2016.4.Spine16229	—	45	61	13	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Axitinib, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib	—	45	extra-cranial	spine	—	16	10	18	1	1	1	Missing	10	18	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Patel et al.	2016	Retrospective	Initial experience with combined BRAF and MEK inhibition with stereotactic radiosurgery for BRAF mutant melanoma brain metastases	10.1097/cmr.0000000000000250	—	4	60	16	Melanoma	metastatic	BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor	Dabrafenib, Trametinib	—	7	intra-cranial	brain	—	21	18	24	1	1	1	21	18	24	RT-related	—	—	0	—	—	—	—
Quan et al.	2016	Retrospective	Toxicities Following Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Treatment of Locally-Recurrent and Previously Irradiated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.11.007	—	18	64	Missing	Head and neck cancer	primary	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	18	extra-cranial	other	recurrent head and neck tumor	40	40	44	5	5	5	8	8	8, 8	Treatment-rel.	—	—	1	any G3: 2 AEs	any G3: 1 pt	any G3: mucositis, rash (erbitux)	any G3: mucositis
Yomo et al.	2016	Retrospective	Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery with adjuvant use of bevacizumab for heavily treated recurrent brain metastases: a preliminary report	10.1007/s11060-015-2019-3	—	5	68	4.5	Lung cancer	oligometastatic, metastatic	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	5	intra-cranial	brain	—	18 Gy @50%	15 Gy @70%	20 Gy @50%	1	1	1	18 Gy @50%	15 Gy @70%	20 Gy @50%	Treatment-rel.	—	—	2	any G3: 2 AEs	any G3: 2 pts	any G3: Anemia, GI bleeding	—
Ahmed et al.	2015	Retrospective	LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain with concurrent vemurafenib for melanoma metastases	10.1007/s11060-014-1685-x	—	24	58.5	5.1	Melanoma	oligometastatic, metastatic	BRAF inhibitor	Vemurafenib	—	80	intra-cranial	brain	—	21	15	24	1	1	1	21	15	24	RT-related	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Conde-Moreno et al.	2015	Retrospective	Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy plus bevacizumab after response to bevacizumab plus irinotecan as a rescue treatment for high-grade gliomas	10.1016/j.rpor.2015.01.004	—	9	54.8	38	brain	—	VEGF mAb	Bevacizumab	—	9	intra-cranial	brain	—	30	—	—	6	—	—	5	—	—	Treatment-rel.	0	0	0	—	—	—	—
Kim et al.	2015	Retrospective	Effects of an Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Add-on in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases Originating from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer	10.3340/jkns.2015.58.3.205	—	18	55	Missing	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib, Gefitinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	23	15	25	1	1	1	Missing	15	25	RT-related	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vargo et al.	2015	Prospective	A prospective phase 2 trial of reirradiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy plus cetuximab in patients with previously irradiated recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.11.023	NCT 01104922	48	63	18	Head and neck cancer	primary	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	48	extra-cranial	other	recurrent head and neck tumor	Missing	40	44	5	5	5	Missing	8	8.8	Treatment-rel.	3	3	—	acute G3: 4 AEs, late G3: 3 AEs	acute G3: 3 pts, late G3: 3 pts	acute G3: mucositis/skin, dysphagia, skin, late G3: dypshagia, aerodigestive fistula	acute G3: mucositis/skin, dysphagia, skin, late G3: dypshagia, aerodigestive fistula
Kao et al.	2014	Prospective	Concurrent sunitinib and stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with oligometastases: final report of a prospective clinical trial	10.1007/s11523-013-0280-y	Missing	46	64	43.2	Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancer, Melanoma, Kidney cancer, other, HCC, pancreas	oligometastatic	Multi-target TKI	Sunitinib	—	85	extra-cranial	lung, liver, bone, LN unspecified, other	visceral (adrenal, thyroid, inferior vena cava, chest wall)	50	40	50	10	10	10	5	4	5	Treatment-rel.	—	—	15	any G3: 21 AEs, any G4: 3 AEs, any G5: 2 AEs	any G3: unknown pts, any G4: unknown pts, any G5: 2 pts	any G3: anemia, neutropenia, LFT abnormalities, thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting, bleeding, metabolic abnormalities, increased creatinine, any G4: anemia, thrombocytopenia, any G5: bleeding (of whom 1 pt due to reirradiation given prior to study treatment, not due to SBRT given in study)	/
Vargo et al.	2014	Retrospective	Examining tumor control and toxicity after stereotactic body radiotherapy in locally recurrent previously irradiated head and neck cancers: implications of treatment duration and tumor volume	10.1002/hed.23462	—	132	66	6	Head and neck cancer	any	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	Missing	extra-cranial	other, cervical lymph nodes	head and neck	44	35	50	5	5	5	Missing	Missing	Missing	Treatment-rel.	16	6	—	acute G3-4: 19 AEs, late G3: 6 AEs	acute G3-4: 16 pts, late G3: 6 pts	acute G3-4: Mucositis, dysphagia, skin reactions, xerostomia, dysgeusia, pain, fatigue, late G3: Dysphagia, skin reactions, pain, osteonecrosis	—
Lartigau et al.	2013	Prospective	Multi institutional phase II study of concomitant stereotactic reirradiation and cetuximab for recurrent head and neck cancer	10.1016/j.radonc.2013.08.012	Missing	56	60	11.4	Head and neck cancer	primary	Anti-EGFR mAb	Cetuximab	—	56	extra-cranial	other	head and neck	36	36	36	6	6	6	6	6	6	Treatment-rel.	—	—	19	any G3: 18 AEs, any G5: 1 AE	any G3: 18 pts, any G5: 1 pt	any G3: mucositis, cutaneous toxicity, rash, fibrosis, dysphagia, xerostomia, fistula, dysgeusia, any G5: hemorrhage and denutrition	unknown
Sperduto et al.	2013	Prospective	A phase 3 trial of whole brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery alone versus WBRT and SRS with temozolomide or erlotinib for non-small cell lung cancer and 1 to 3 brain metastases: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0320	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.11.042	Missing	41	61	33.6	Lung cancer	metastatic	EGFR targeting TKI	Erlotinib	—	Missing	intra-cranial	brain	—	Missing	15	24	1	1	1	Missing	15	24	Treatment-rel.	—	—	20	unknown	any G3: 17 pts, any G4: 2 pts, any G5: 1pt	any G3: cytopenia, fatigue, dehydration, acne, anorexia, vasculitis, diarrhea, pneumonia, hyperkalemia, muscle weakness, confusion, ataxia, any G4: myocardial ischemia, brain necrosis, any G5: hemorrhagic stroke	—
Staehler et al.	2011	Retrospective	Simultaneous anti-angiogenic therapy and single-fraction radiosurgery in clinically relevant metastases from renal cell carcinoma	10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09895.x	—	106	63.6	14.7	Kidney cancer	metastatic	Multi-target TKI	Sorafenib, Sunitinib	—	Missing	both	brain, spine	—	20	19	20	1	1	1	20	19	20	RT-related	0	0	—	—	—	—	—